Product Line Extension and Brand Extension free essay sample

Mona Sandal asks this important question about the difference between product line extension and brand extension. For most of the marketing students, these terms are confusing. The different definitions in the text books makes it more confusing. Interestingly the definitions of PLEA and BE are different in two editions ( 11 12 ) of Jostlers Marketing Management text book.In the eleventh edition of Jostlers Marketing Management, Product line is defined as a group of products with In a product class that are closely elated because they perform similar function, are sold to the same customer groups, are marketed through the same channels, or fall within given price ranges. Line extensions consist of Introducing additional Items In the same product category under the same brand name , such as new flavors, forms, color, added Ingredients, package sizes etc.For example Lug soap comes In different variants like Lug Crystal Shine, Lug International etc. So when Lug comes with a new variant, It Is a line extension. We will write a custom essay sample on Product Line Extension and Brand Extension or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Brand extension happens when a company uses Its existing brand name to launch reduces in other categories. For example, Woodlands which Is a shoe brand extends Itself to readmes and accessories. This definition has certain ambulates because the term category can be Interpreted In different ways.For example , when Lug brand Is extended to Shampoos , Is It a product line extension or brand extension ? The answer Is : If we take personal care as a category, then the extension Is a product line extension since soap and shampoos belong to the same category. But If we take soap and shampoos as different categories, then the extension Is a brand extension. Product Line Extension and Brand Extension free essay sample Product line extension and Brand Extension Marketing Practice reader Onam Jindal asks this important question about the difference between product line extension and brand extension. For most of the marketing students, these terms are confusing. The different definitions in the text books makes it more confusing. Interestingly the definitions of PLE and BE are different in two editions ( 11 12 ) of Kotlers Marketing Management text book. write my essay online In the eleventh edition  of Kotlers Marketing Management, Product line is defined as a group of products with in a product class that are closely related because they perform similar function, are sold to the same customer groups, are marketed through the same channels, or fall within given price ranges. Line extensions consist of introducing additional items in the same product category under the same brand name , such as new flavors, forms, color, added ingredients, package sizes etc. For example Lux soap comes in different variants like Lux Crystal Shine, Lux International etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Product Line Extension and Brand Extension or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So when Lux comes with a new variant, it is a line extension. Brand extension happens when a company uses its existing brand name to launch products in other categories. For example, Woodlands which is a shoe brand extends itself to readymades and accessories. This definition has certain ambiguities because the term category can be interpreted in different ways. For example , when Lux brand is extended to Shampoos , is it a product line extension or brand extension ? The answer is : if we take personal care as a category, then the extension is a product line extension since soap and shampoos belong to the same category. But if we take soap and shampoos as different categories, then the extension is a brand extension.

Essay on High School and Life

Essay on High School and Life Essay on High School and Life Introduction Since my tenth grade year of high school which was in August 2010-2011 I came to the conclusion that I wanted to attend college. Even though I played around my freshman year which was the most important year and counted the most I had to work hard on becoming the woman I wanted to be. After hearing so many people get put down about not going to college and being told that I wasn’t gone go to college neither I chose to prove everyone wrong. I started filling out college applications, scholarships, and many other aspects that would help me stay on the right track. I planned on going to college, studying sociology to become a social worker. After my high school year I decided to attend East Tennessee State University where I would accomplish my dreams. My mother always told me prove everybody wrong so that’s what I chose to do having that kind of mind frame made me think about hard work and dedication all the time. Hi, my name is Alicia Watkins also known as Beddy; I was b orn April 28 1995 in Chattanooga TN at Erlanger Hospital. I have three Sisters, two brothers, and several Nieces and nephews. I am the Youngest out of my brothers and sisters. As a little girl I have always wanted to be many things in life from modeling, dancer, singer, teacher, and etc. As I grew up I thought about which one would benefit me later on in life. My Parents told me do what you think is best for you baby girl and whatever makes you happy. Now that, I am at the point in life were I know what I want to do and have that certain mindset no one can tell me anything. I have accomplished my most important goal in life and that’s making me proud right along with my parents. At the age of 17 I Became a part time model and took modeling classes at Ambiance Talent & Modeling. After I Took modeling classes I built up me an Modeling portfolio so that I could send it off to different agency. Once that was done I had to choose between modeling or college I didn’t really know which one to choose because I wanted to do both but, at the same time I didn’t want no one judging me and down talking me because I didn’t attend college. My struggle began in Chattanooga TN, when my auntie died at a early age because of a bad heart attack, and my cousins were left under the care of our grandmother. Growing up I had a father figure in my life so it wasn’t that difficult. My mother strived hard to make ends meet just to provide for our needs. My mother and father income was enough. Even though it was enough my sisters got a job at the age of fifteen an fifteen, I had got a job at the age of fifteen to take care some of my own responsibilities to look out for myself. Both of my parents raised us my father was a producer and member of 2DieForEntertainment. My parents taught me how to stand up and fight. My family is the closest thing to me. Now I am seventeen years old and I would like to be the first in my family to attend a four year colleg e pursuing a degree in Sociology. During the struggle of the loss we had took our family was still standing strong, keeping they head up but still hurting in the inside. In my teenage years I started to realize a lot of things. I was working at New City Fellowship being an assistant coach for two years to help care of responsibilities. Although the money I earned was not significant it was enough for me to pay for things I needed and consequently ease some pressure off my mother. After school, I stayed and made up wok so my grades would be accurate. Life became difficult in those days. We could barely live peacefully in our Woodlawn Apartments things wasn’t so good living out there. We heard gun shots every night, fights were every other day, and there were drug addicts walking up and down the street. So we shifted from one place to another. My parents depended on nobody. As I sat down and thought about things I

General Motors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

General Motors - Essay Example How does the company plan to rally. Are they being realistic in their efforts to meet foreign competition Are they actually looking at the areas that need further attention, or are they looking for short-term incentives as a means of increasing their market share Exactly what are the main issues that must be addressed before GM can begin to recoup its losses In 2005, GM North America reported a loss of $1.6 billion in the third quarter, compared with a loss of $88 million in 2004. In the last quarter of 2005, GM had to revise its losses by a further $2 billion (Krolicki, 2006), the reason said to be charges related to factory job losses and Delphi Corporation's bankruptcy. Unfortunately, the company can be compared at present to a house of cards, easy to topple. Toyota, on the other hand is growing by leaps and bounds and is expected to take over the number one spot in auto sales within the next few years. The chart below is based on an NPR study by Diane Geng (2005) and indicates some of the more telling statistics regarding competition between these companies: Unfortunately, the company does not seem to be focused on global issues, and its efforts have been limited to quick fixes. The recent agreement with United Auto Workers union to cut health care costs, perhaps by $3 billion a year, offers an immediate boost. However, this savings is expected to be achieved by higher co-pay for doctor's visits and prescription drugs. The company also announced its intention to eliminate 25,000 jobs. Where is the incentive for employees to increase output How much emphasis does the company place on employee satisfaction The most recent effort is a promotional incentive for anyone who buys a new SUV in California or Florida. With gas prices at present well over $3 a gallon, the offer for a redeemable card with gas at $1.99 a gallon for one year if the customer signs up for On-Star, free for a year and then $16.95 a month (Durbin, 2006) is an immediate benefit. But will this incentive improve the way customers see the GM brand The major marketing push has been for trucks, especially popular over the past few years, and SUVs. The company's promotional incentive will help sell the SUVs that are no longer as popular as they were, but then what Future Issues to be Addressed at General Motors Because of the present interest in fuel consumption, commentary on the current economy as it relates to automobile design and manufacture is being updated every day. Some of the online publications that offer a running commentary are Business Day, MarketWatch, YEALD and NPR, as well as books and journal articles as noted in references. Certain areas must be explored if GM wants to stay ahead of the market. Because of the serious issues facing the company, a study directed

Practical-Tablet Making Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Practical-Tablet Making - Lab Report Example HPLC assay was also done to assess the actual concentration (correct amount) of paracetamol’s active compound (acetaminophen) present in selected tablets. Table one below shows the two drug formulation used in the experiment, the tables, were tested for appearance, weight, hardness, thickness, diameter, and friability. The tablets were assessed for physical appearance by observing them through a magnifying glass. The size (diameter and thickness), weight, and hardness were determined using micrometre screw gauge, digital balance, and schleuniger hardness tester respectively. The tablets from either of the formulation compositions were found to have a uniform round and white appearance. In addition, formulation 1 b tablets were larger with a matte appearance than those of formulation 2 that were generally small in size and with a glossy appearance. No imperfections (groves) were noted on any of the tablets even after observing them using magnifying glass. A consistent difference in weight and diameter was also noted between the two formulations, with the formulation 1b having a median weight and diameter of 2.961g and 25.66mm respectively. However, there was no difference in thickness noted between tablets of the two formulations. Table 2 and 3 below provides a summary of the average, RSD, minimum and maximum weight, diameter, hardness, and thickness values of the two tablet formulations. In determining friability (percentage loss in weight), the total weight of the five tablets was used in the analysis. The tablets were tested for friability by using the Copley friability tester at a testing speed of 25 revolutions per minute (RPM). The total percentage loss in weight of the five tablets from each formulation was calculated and summarized in table 4 below. It is important to note that formula 2 tablets had a friability

Abortion Essay Example for Free

Abortion Essay Abortion has a long history and has been induced by various methods including herbal abortifacients, the use of sharpened tools, physical trauma, and other traditional methods. Contemporary medicine utilizes medications and surgical procedures to induce abortion. The legality, prevalence, and cultural views on abortion vary substantially around the world. In many parts of the world there is prominent and divisive plublic controversy over the ethical and legal issues of abortion. Abortion and abortion-related issues feature prominently in the national politics in many nations, often involving the opposing pro-life and pro-choice worldwide social movements. Incidence of abortion has declined worldwide, as access to family planning education and contraceptive services has increased. Abortion incidence in the United States declined 8% from 1996 to 2003. Abortion is an issue that evokes, on all sides, very strong feelings and judgments and very heated recriminations. The most radical formulation of the anti-abortion or pro-life side of the debate views abortion as the murder of unborn children, and so as the equivalent of out and out infanticide, making the legal use of abortion since Roe v. Wade, at a rate of around 1.5 million a year in the United States, into a holocaust of the innocent fully comparable to the Nazi genocide against the Jews. Radical pro-life activists who blockade abortion clinics (or who even commit terrorist acts of vandalism, arson, and murder) see what they do as what good Germans didnt do in the face of Hitlers atrocities, or what John Brown did do in his attempt at Harpers Ferry to free the slaves through mass rebellion.

Women on The Street Essay -- essays research papers

Women on the Street Have you ever rushed down the street and felt that nagging feeling of guilt, as you breeze by someone lying in a doorway? Is she alive? Is she ill? Why do we all rush by without finding out is she's all right? People sit in train stations, bus stations, parks, doorways, unmistakably sick, with what, we don't know. All are seemingly alone. Some beg. Some don't. Some have open sores that ooze and bleed. Some are drunk. Some talk to themselves or formless others. They have no homes. Street people make up a small percentage of the homeless population. Most homeless people blend into the daily flow of urban life. Many families are homeless. Many babies go from the hospital into the shelter system, never knowing what it is like to go home. Women are another subgroup of the homeless. Solutions to homelessness are not easily found. But before we can solve problems, we must be sensitive enough that we create the will to find the solutions. Often if we do not feel the problem, if some emotional response is not made, we are not moved to seek solutions. We are often unmoved to even recognize the questions. We cannot afford to keep walking by. "Work is a fundamental condition of human existence," said Karl Marx. In punch-the-clock and briefcase societies no less than in agricultural or hunting and gathering societies, it is the organization of work that makes life in communities possible. Individual life as well as social life is closely tied to work. In wage labored societies, and perhaps in every other as well, much of an individual's identity is tied to their job. For most people jobs are a principal source of both independence and correctness to others. It should come as no surprise that, in the work force or out, work and jobs are important in the lives of homeless women. There are women who want to work and do, and women who want to work and do not. There are women who cannot work and others who should not work and still others who do not want to work. Some work regularly, some intermittently; some work part-time, some full-time; and there are even those who work two jobs. At any given moment, there is a lot of job-searching, job losing, job changing, and ... ...es could have contained the explosive forces of racial animosity, social class differences, competition for resources, overcrowding, individuals who were not always in control of their actions, and individuals who wanted to disassociate themselves from the group. but came against these forces, and born mainly out of shared homelessness and common needs, was a powerful impulse to group cohesion and solidarity. Most of the time, the impulse to solidarity was strong enough to hold the negative forces in check, there by providing the minimum of peace and good order that made social life possible. On many evenings, as the women came together in the shelter, there was sufficient good feeling and fellow feelings, when coupled with their common needs and circumstances, to allow a sense of community to sputter into life. For most women, the loneliness of their homeless state was a terrible burden to bear; this fragile bit of community, however small, was precious indeed. "Homelessness is the sum total of our dreams, policies, intentions, errors, omissions, cruelties, kindness, all of it recorded, in the flesh, in the life of the streets." (Marin 41).

“College Is a Waste of Time and Money” by Caroline Bird Essay

In the essay â€Å"College Is a Waste of Time and Money,† Caroline Bird argues that college is a complete waste of time and money for people. She argues that most students are unhappy and unsatisfied with attending college. She believes that they go to college because it has become the thing to do or because of getting pressure from their parents or societies. Furthermore, she thinks that college is not a good financial investment because career financial success depends on other factors. She believes that people gain true knowledge and skill while working in real jobs and not in college. Bird believes that college has to be judged not by what other people think is good for the students, but how good it feels to the students themselves. To some college may be a reason to avoid adult responsibilities, gain independence or avoid intolerable home situations, but to others college is an institution offering higher levels of educational purpose that will help them succeed in their careers later on with multiple benefits. College can be financially expensive. Since it is very costly, many believe it is better to just get a job straight out of high school, not take any student loans, and start to save for your retirement right away. Though colleges have gotten more expensive, not all college graduates find high paying jobs. According to the article â€Å"College Costs Up, Little Debt Help For Occupy Wall Streeters,† it states that â€Å"colleges and universities continue to raise tuition far faster than inflation and churn out ever more indebted graduates, two reports released by The College Board today show. With states struggling to balance their budgets, the sharpest tuition increases this year were at public colleges; at four year state schools in-state tuition†¦ and despite the college expenses, college graduates aren’t able to find a good paying job†(Forbes). Finding a well paying job right after graduation may be hard during these tough circumstances, but that does not mean people should believe that college was useless to them just because they can not find an appropriate job for themselves at that moment. People must be determined, have good skills and a strong will in order to achieve a high paying job. Many people do not go to college because of all the expenses. Beside the tuition fees, there are many other expenses to consider. Many  private colleges publish a total cost of attendance of over $50,000 per year and around $15,000 of this amount is for room and board. According to the article â€Å"College Cost Crunch† it states that â€Å"The College Board reports that while the published rates for private college tuition and fees are in the range of $35,000, nearly half of all full-time undergraduate students attend a four-year college with published charges of less than $9,000 per year in tuition and fees. And most students do not pay the published rate. On average, public four-year colleges charge $7,605 per year for in-state students, and the average charge for 2-year colleges is $2,713. For lower income students, the costs are typically even less, and there are many options for financing the cost of college. Federal Pell grants are available up to $5,550 per year, and many states provide additional grants of $1,500-$2,500 per year† (Forbes). People believe that college is very expensive, but if they are able to do the right research and apply themselves for all these loans, grants and scholarship then this will reduce their tuition fees. It is very important for people to look at all their options carefully before making a decision that will have an impact on their career. The value of a college degree or certificate is very important today. The money and time people spend on college matters. College education is universally viewed as such a great investment that the cost and its return on investment are beneficial towards future careers. The impact of getting a job can be very difficult. In today’s economy, getting a job is pretty tough, and it is a lot tougher for those without a post-secondary education. The chances of getting a job without a post-secondary degree or certificate are very few. According to the U.S Dept. of Labor the over all unemployment rate is 9.1%. The rate of people with only a high school diploma is a little bit higher at 9.5%. But college graduates have an unemployment rate at only 4.5%. Unemployment for ages 18-25 with only a high school diploma is currently over 50%, but the jobless rate for those under 25 with a college degree is only 8%. It is very hard to argue that skipping college to start working early is a practical financial alternative when over half of the young people out of high school are unemployed. The benefits of college go beyond creating improved career choices. The average pay for a job with a college degree earns almost twice the average for those with a high school diploma. People with higher education will have a  lifetime work of $800,000 more in wages. The jobs available to those with a post-secondary education are more interesting because they have more mobility between jobs and they have more advancement opportunities within companies. In other words, a college degree or certificate will greatly enhance the ability to get a job people will enjoy. In addition to actually liking that job and getting paid more for it, they have benefits including more leisure time, more opportunities, better health, less dependence on government services, and having children that are far more likely to be successful in school. Of course, there will always be exceptions of highly successful entrepreneurs like Bill Gates, Michael Dell, and Steve Jobs who were very successful without completing college, but most of CEOs in America have a college degree. In her essay, Bird believes that students should go to college because they want to themselves, not because someone pressured them in to it. The students should have an inside view of what’s good for them. If they feel college is not necessarily good for them, then people can not expect them to go through with it. They need to set their own goals in life whether it be getting an education or getting a job right after high school. Everyone should be able to make decisions for them self. In the article â€Å"Is College worth It?,† it states that â€Å"the main purpose of a college education is to teach work-related skills and knowledge, and it is to help a student grow personally and intellectually. College graduates place more emphasis on intellectual growth; those who are not college graduates place more emphasis on career preparation† (Pewresearch) Though college may seem pointless to others, it actually helps students grow intellectually while building new skills that prepares them for their careers. College is definitely a good investment. Despite its expensive cost, people should not make any excuses because there are so many ways and opportunities to reduce the tuition fees. The money students invest in going to college will come back in multiples when they land a higher paying job. College graduates with a degree will always have a secure future financially. Aside from the financial benefits of going to college, the education students receive and the experience they gain from going to college will make them a better rounded person. It not only helps students grow intellectually, but it helps them mature as a person. It strengthens their skills, builds confidence and prepares them for a career in the real  world. Those who believe going to college is a waste of time and money should really consider the benefits and values of having a college degree, unless of course if they are a true genius like Bill Gates, then by all means go for the American Dream! Work Cited Novack, Janet. â€Å"College Costs Up, Little Debt Help For Occupy Wall Streeters.† Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 26 Oct. 2011. Web. 15 July 2012. . Novack, Janet. â€Å"College Cost Crunch.† Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 28 Oct. 2010. Web. 14 July 2012. . â€Å"Is College Worth It?† Pewresearch.org. Pew Research Center, 15 May 2011. Web. 14 July 2012. . Caroline Bird. â€Å"College is a Waste of Time and Money.† The Norton Reader.1975